or neglected the foundations of grace on which the law rested. These would be the people whom Paul resisted and to whom he proclaimed his law-free gospel. Thus, the traditional view that Paul was attacking legalism—though there should have been none in Judaism—need not be rejected. 2. Paul knows only one gospel, for both Jews and Gentiles, and thus his polemic concerning the law is valid for both groups. Paul’s opposition to the law is more fundamental than merely a rejection of its exclusionary